Table 8 Strategies to achieve a low carbon society
From: Transportation energy consumption and emissions - a view from city of Indonesia
Strategy | Measure | Opportunity | Stakeholders |
|---|---|---|---|
Reducing per kilometer emissions | Improvement of emissions standards for new vehicle technology | - Adopted Euro 3 emissions standard - Can be promoted by using cleaner fuel such as natural gas, CNG, and biofuel - Combined with Bus Rapid Transit | - National Government agencies: MEMR, MoE, MoI, MoT - Automotive industry |
Improvement of land use and transport planning | - Integration of transportation planning and air quality - A significant political will is necessary | - Local government - Urban planners | |
Reducing per unit transport vehicle emissions | Enforcement of routine inspection of vehicle emissions | - Requires a regulation mechanism - Enforcement to prevent corruption | - Local government and policy makers - Traffic agencies - Vehicle owners |
Enforcement of mass transport (buses or trains) | - Integration of transportation planning and private sectors - Non-motorized transport development | - National Government; MEMR, MoE, MoI, and MoT - Local government - Private sector | |
Reducing travel distance | - Travel demand management - Non-motorized transport - Land use and transportation planning | - Changing the behavior of society - Significant regulation necessary - Integration of public transportation and urban planning | - Urban planner - National Government; MoE, MoI, and MoT - Local government - Policy makers |